Bull-Fighting

 El Juego de los toros

A sport that has become rare nowadays was very popular a few decades ago. The first bullfight was recorded in ancient Mesopotamia, which was the 'Epic of Gilgamesh'. In the ancient period, bullfighting was a mode of entertainment, but soon it became a competitive sport, and many competitions were held regularly. To host these fights, many arenas were built, such as the Plaza de Toros de Ronda (Spain), the Plaza de Toros (Mexico), La Malagueta (Spain), etc. 

With time, it evolved more and more and adapted in different ways, like Spanish-style, Portuguese-style, etc. Till the 1950s, the sport was mostly concentrated in Mediterranean and West European countries, but slowly, due to globalisation and cultural sharing, it reached Latin America. The most famous style of bullfighting is 'Estilo Español' (Spanish style). The person who fights with the bull is called 'Matador' or 'Torero'. In this style of fighting, the matador waves a cloak (the cloth generally pink or red colored used in fighting) in a particular manner by which the bull gets attracted and becomes aggressive. At last, the bull is killed by a sword or knife by attacking on its back. But nowadays, the Animal Rights Organisation has banned the killing of bulls; today, there are only eight countries in the world where bullfighting is legal. The bulls used in fighting are of very special breeds, such as Toro Bravo, Ganada Bravo, etc. These bulls are trained to become aggressive; some famous bulls are Raton (which killed three people and injured thirty more), Islero (who injured the famous matador Manolete's groin),  etc.

Every year in Pamplona, Spain, a week-long festival of San Fermin is celebrated mainly in the month of July. The main attraction of the festival is the 'Bull-Run'. In this event, hundreds of people run openly in front of bulls in the narrow streets of the town. Six bulls are released, but they can go up to ten bulls. The run starts on the slope of Santo Domingo Street and ends at the Pamplona Bullring. At last, in the afternoon, the bulls are killed. On the basis of official data approximately 1.7 million people visited Pamplona in 2022.

In India, a bull sport named 'Jallikattu' is played in Tamil Nadu as a part of Pongal celebration. In this game the player tries to hold the hump of the bull by using arms while the bull is running. Only male participants are allowed to take part in the sport. The bulls used in the sport are of indigenous breed such as Zebu, Kangayam, etc.

DID YOU KNOW ??

The world-famous automobile company "Lamborghini" is also famous for naming their cars after bulls because the founder of the company, Ferrucio Lamborghini, was very fond of bullfighting. Some car names are : Gallardo, Urus, Murcielago, Huracan, Miura, Aventador, etc. 

Thank You,

Sarthak P. Khode 😊                                                                                                     

Cows

 🐄Cows- Integral part of Indian Culture

Cows are an integral part of Indian Culture. They are worshipped, and we call them "Gaumata" (Mother). There are many varieties of indigenous cows in India, such as Gir, Sahiwal, Kankrej, Red Sindhi, etc. As of 2022, there are approx. 308 million cattles in the country. Since the ancient period, Indians have used cow products for various activities, including medicinal purposes. The most important product of the cow is Milk (Gouras), although there are many other sources of milk, like buffalo, goat, camel, etc. But cow's milk is considered of supreme quality, with numerous health benefits, low fat content, and more nutrients. But nowadays, foreign-breed cows are taking over indigenous cows in the milk market of India, as they produce more milk at a time, milk from them is sold at low prices, and they require less care. From the above points, it seems that foreign breeds of cows are better in the aspects mentioned. But the most important is the composition of milk, in which Indigenous Indian Breeds are way ahead, as they produce A2 beta-casein milk, which is fully healthy, whereas the foreign breeds like Holstein-Friesian, Jersey, Charolais etc. produces A1 milk, which contains low nutrition and, after digestion in the body, produces an inflammatory agent named Beta-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7), which is very harmful for our health.

Here I want to tell about my project days at school, where I extensively researched on Gir cows, best known for their milk production. They have a rounded and domed forehead with long pendulous ears and spiral horns. They have a very unique feature that is absent in many cow varieties, which is their hump, which has a specific vein called Surya-Ketu Nadi that absorbs energies and radiations from the sun, moon, and other luminaries in the universe and transfers them into cow products such as milk, ghee urine, etc. The most unbelievable thing is that there are many anaerobic bacteria that produce gold (in very small amounts) in cows. For example, "Cupriavidus Metallidurans," which can produce massive concentrations of Aurum (Gold) chloride,

 

Cow's urine is a one-medium cure for every disease. It contains Hippuric acid, which removes toxins; AuOH (Gold Hydroxide), which increases Immunity power; Manganese,  which protects against decay due to gangrene; etc. Cow's dung, which can be used in Biogas plants, in making manures, and cow dung cakes (further can be used as fuel for cooking, etc.).

Gold Nugget, revealing Bacterioform

inside cattle's intestine.

Thank You,

Sarthak P. Khode 😊

 

ISRO

भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसन्धान केंद्र (इसरो)

इसरो- एक ऐसा संस्थान जिसने भारत को पूरे विश्व में एक अलग पहचान दिलाई, और हमें गौरवान्वित होने के कई क्षण प्रदान किए | आज इसरो का नाम दुनिया की बड़े-बड़े अंतरिक्ष संस्थानों में गिना जाता है | आइये जानते है इसरो के बारे में- 

इसरो की शुरुआत सन् 1962 में 'भारतीय राष्ट्रीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान समिति' (INCOSPAR) के नाम से हुई और इसे 1969 में 'भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसन्धान केंद्र' (इसरो) में बदल दिया गया, और भारतीय अंतिरक्ष विभाग (Department of Space) में शामिल किया गया | शुरुआत में इसरो संसाधनों की कमी और वित्तीय संकटों से जूझता रहा परन्तु हमारे कर्तव्यनिष्ठ वैज्ञानिकों ने इन सभी समस्याओं से निपटते हुई कई अभियान सफलतापूर्वक प्रक्षेपित किये | समय के साथ-साथ इसरो के योगदान के बारे में लोगो ने जाना और धीरे-धीरे इसे मीडिया द्वारा कवरेज भी मिलने लगी | इसरो की सफलता कई वैज्ञानिकों के अथक प्रयास, दूरगामी सोच का परिणाम है, जैसे विक्रम साराभाई, सतीश धवन, यु. आर. राव, नम्बि नारायण आदि | 

जहां नासा और रॉस्कॉस्मॉस (रुसी अंतरिक्ष एजेंसी) एक द्वंदता के चलते अपनी काबिलियत दिखाने के लिए एक दूसरे को पछाड़ने को तत्पर दिखे, वहीं इसरो की स्थापना का मुख्य उद्देश्य भारत को सद्गति प्रदान करना और देशवासियों की सेवा करना था, जैसे- बाढ़ और अन्य प्राकृतिक आपदाओं का उपग्रह की मदद से पूर्वानुमान लगाना, संचार सुविधा प्रदान करना, भारत की सीमाओं पर निगरानी करना, आदि | 

इसरो की सबसे बड़ी खासियत जो पूरे विश्व का ध्यान अपनी ओर आकर्षित करती है वह है निम्नतम लागत में मिशनों को सुरक्षित तरीके से पूर्ण करना | यही कारण है की आज बड़े-बड़े देश भी अपने उपग्रह इसरो की सहायता से अंतरिक्ष में भेजना चाहते है | अगर हम नासा और इसरो के सालाना बजट की तुलना करें तो भी हम फर्क साफ देख सकते है, एक तरफ जहां नासा को लगभग 195 हज़ार करोड़ रूपये दिए जाते है वहीं इसरो को सालाना 13 हज़ार करोड़ रूपये आवंटित किये जाते है | भारत की विकासगाथा में इसरो का बहुत ही अहम योगदान है, परन्तु सभी चीज़ों के बारे में एक ही आलेख में बता पाना संभव नहीं है, इसलिए हम इसरो के रॉकेट, अभियान और कार्यप्रणाली के बारे में आगे जानेंगे | 

प्रस्तुत है इसरो के बारे में मेरी स्वलिखित कविता | 

इसरो

आत्मनिर्भर भारत कि शान,

इसरो ने रचे कईं कीर्तिमान, 

अभाव में निखरा हमारा ज्ञान, 

प्रक्षेपित किए कई अभियान,

जैसे चंद्रयान एवं मंगलयान,   

कईं वैज्ञानिकों ने दिए योगदान,   

करने के लिए देश व जनता का उत्थान, 

इसी लक्ष्य के साथ शुरू हुआ इसरो संस्थान, 

दिलाई विश्व-पटल पर नई पहचान,

इसलिए उभरते भारत में है इसरो का बहुत महत्वपूर्ण स्थान | 

धन्यवाद,

सार्थक खोड़े 🙏

THE F1

 Formula 1

World's most populous and biggest motorsport competition. It includes single-seater four-wheeler F1 cars, which can reach speeds of 300–350 km per hour. It is also considered as one of the most dangerous sports, with a high risk of accidents. The Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) conducts the F1 races and regulates them. Each F1 season consists of several races called 'Grand Prix', commonly referred to as GPs (a French word that means 'great prize'), and at the end of the season, the driver with the most points (based on individual GPs) wins the championship. The sport got its name 'Formula 1', because it consists of a set of rules, called formulas, that should be followed during a race. In every Formula 1 race, there are two champions: the driver and the constructor.

 

Currently, in the 2023 season, there are 22 GPs, with a new edition of the Las Vegas Grand Prix and the return of the Qatar Grand Prix after 2021. Now let's discuss some important aspects of the sport:

Cars 

The marvel of science and engineering. Since the beginning of F1, the design and upgrades have been done to increase speed, engine capacity, adjust the aerodynamics (Yup ! that's important to reduce drag and gain speed), reduce weight, etc. The teams invest a very large chunk of money in the R&D of the cars. To limit the overuse of money, the FIA has introduced a new rule that no team can spend more than 140 million dollars (excluding driver and team salaries). 

Tyres  

Referred to as the soul of a car, tyres are a big deal in F1. The current tyre supplier to all teams in F1 is Pirelli Corp. These tyres are especially designed to cope with high speeds, etc. There are three types of tyres: Dry-Weather, Wet-Weather, and intermediate. They are all designed for different conditions. The driver and team can freely choose any tyre under any condition. Each team is not allowed to use more than twenty sets of tyres in a single race.

Pit Lane

For me, it is the most exciting part of a race. It is the area where any necessary parts, generally tyres and the front wing (if damaged), are changed during the race, but the interesting part is that it happens only in seconds (2 to 5 seconds). A typical pit crew consists of four wheel changers, eight wheel carriers, two stabilisers, a front wing man, and a rear jack man. The FIA also started the fastest pit stop award with DHL in 2015. The current record for fastest pit stop is held by McLaren, which is of 1.80 seconds, during a pit stop by Lando Norris at the 2023 Qatar Grand Prix. 

The Flags 

There are total ten flags in, each with its own meaning such as, Red Flag indicates that the session is suspended, Green flag means the track is normal, White flag indicates that there is a slow moving vehicle ahead (like safety car), etc.. 

Apart from all of these there are tonnes of other rules and regulations for tracks, drivers, constructors and others. Nowadays due to global concern for environment the FIA has also proposed a new motorsport competition named 'Formula E'. 

But the craze for F1 is increasing season by season, so FIA has increased no. of GPs from past 5 years for more entertainment and money.  

Did you know ???

India has also hosted Grand Prix for F1 between 2011-13 at Buddh International Circuit, Gautam-Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh. 

Thank You, 

Sarthak P. Khode 😊

 INDIAN RUPEE

Indian Rupee: the currency of India, commonly known as "रुपया" (Rupiya). The word Rupiya is derived from the sanskrit word Rupya, which means coin of silver. Nowadays, the Indian rupee is one of the most recognisable and tradeable currencies. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) undertakes printing, circulation of the Indian rupee, and other finance-related activities.

Currently, the currency of India has two forms: banknotes and coins. For the printing of notes, there are four printing presses in India, of which two (Mysore and Salboni) are owned by Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited (BRBNMPL), and two (Nashik and Dewas) are under the control of the Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India (SPMCIL). The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) is in charge of all the presses and maintains extreme security.

For coin minting, there are also four mints in India (Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, and Noida), and each one of them has its own symbol minted on coins below the date of minting, by which we can judge from which mint the coin is minted (diamond for Mumbai, star for Hyderabad, dot for Noida, and if there is no symbol, it is for Kolkata).

Currently, the RBI has issued banknotes of six denominations and coins of five denominations. Today, the Indian rupee is the world's fifteenth most traded currency by value. So far, 18 countries have decided to open Vostro accounts to trade in Indian rupees. These countries include: Malaysia, Mauritius, Myanmar, the United Kingdom, Russia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Oman, Seychelles, Singapore, Tanzania, Uganda, Botswana, Fiji, Germany, Guyana, Israel, and Kenya. The symbol of Indian rupee is designed by a fellow IITian D. Udaya Kumar in 2010, for his contribution he was awarded ₹2,50,000 by Indian Government.  

Thank You,                                                                                                                                        Sarthak P. Khode 😊

गीताप्रेस

अपनी आध्यात्मिकता, पवित्रता, गुणवत्ता, कम मूल्य और त्रुटि रहित प्रकाशन के लिए पहचानी जाने वाली गीताप्रेस आज दुनिया की सबसे बड़ी धार्मिक पुस्तकों की प्रकाशक है | गीताप्रेस की स्थापना सन् 1923 में गोरखपुर, उत्तर प्रदेश में श्री ब्रह्मलीन जय दयाल जी गोयन्दका द्वारा की गई, इसकी स्थापना का मुख्य उद्देश्य श्रीमद्भगवतगीता को कम से कम दाम में घर-घर तक पहुँचाना और लोगो में भलाई, जीवन की बेहतरी और सुख-शांति का भाव जगाना था | शुरुआत में एक छोटी सी दुकान से शुरू हुई प्रेस के अंतर्गत आज 32 एकड़ भूमि है | गीताप्रेस की प्रसिद्धि का एक कारण यह भी है की प्रकाशन के समय प्रत्येक पुस्तक की पवित्रता का सम्पूर्ण ध्यान रखा जाता है जैसे : कार्यालय में जूते-चप्पल पहनना वर्जित है, पुस्तकों की बाइंडिंग के लिए जानवरों की चर्बी से बने गोंद की जगह सिंथेटिक गोंद का इस्तेमाल करना, पुस्तकों के छपने के पश्चात उन्हें ज़मीन पर न रखना आदि | गीताप्रेस की सफलता के पीछे गोयन्दका जी के मौसेरे भाई श्री हनुमान प्रसाद पोद्दार (जिन्हे प्यार से भाईजी कहकर बुलाते थे) का भी बहुत बड़ा हाथ है उन्होंने गीताप्रेस की बागडोर अपने हाथ में ली, साथ ही साथ वे अपनी धार्मिक मासिक पत्रिका 'कल्याण' का भी संपादन करते रहे और लोक कल्याण और धार्मिक ग्रंथों के प्रचार-प्रसार में अपना जीवन व्यतीत किया |

आज भी गीताप्रेस अपने व्यवसाय में विज्ञापन और दान स्वीकार नहीं करती | जितना भी घाटा प्रेस को होता है उसकी भरपाई गोबिंद भवन संस्थान (जो गीताप्रेस की संचालक संस्थान है) की अन्य इकाइयों की आय द्वारा होती है | आज के इस युग में जहाँ धन की महत्ता बहुत है परन्तु गीताप्रेस के लिए ज्ञान का प्रचार-प्रसार ही हमेशा से सर्वोपरि रहा इसीलिए प्रेस की सारी ही पुस्तकें निम्नतम मूल्य में उपलब्ध कराई जाती है ताकि सभी लोग हमारे वेद, उपनिषद्, गीता, रामायण आदि का संज्ञान ले सके और अपने जीवन को और सुखद और शांतिप्रिय बना सके | 

इसी साल 29 अप्रैल को गीताप्रेस ने अपनी स्थापना के सौ वर्ष पुरे किए, और इसी प्रकार मानव मात्र के हित में सेवारत् गीताप्रेस को मेरा सादर प्रणाम | 🙏

धन्यवाद,

सार्थक खोड़े 

Indian Premier League

IPL, the Indian Premier League, is the world's most famous and expensive cricket league. It is organised by the BCCI (Board of Cricket Control in India). The first edition of the IPL was held in 2008, in which the Rajasthan Royals were crowned champions. Since then, the success graph of Ipl has been increasing consistently. Today, one match of IPL is worth more than one match each of the Premier League and La Liga (both are professional football leagues in England and Spain, respectively). The craze for IPL is now developing abroad. Till now, fifteen seasons have been hosted, among which five were won by the Mumbai Indians, four by the Chennai Super Kings, two by the Kolkata Knight Riders, and one each by the Sunrisers Hyderabad, Gujarat Titans, Rajasthan Royals, and Deccan Chargers (now a defunct team). From the 2022 season, the number of teams in the league was increased from eight to ten by introducing two newcomers, the Gujarat Titans and the Lucknow Super Giants. This addition increased the competency levels as well as the quantity of matches from sixty to seventy-four, this means that the broadcasting rights and money from other match related sources hiked up resulting in more profit for BCCI.

From past fifteen years, the IPL has been hosted twelve times solely in India, one time in South Africa because of Central Elections in India, one time in the UAE (United Arab Emirates) due to the COVID-19 epidemic in India, and in the year 2021, the league was to initially be hosted in India but due to COVID-19 cases in players and support staff of the teams, the league was postponed and then the remaining matches were hosted in the UAE. Generally IPL is organised during summer months (India) between March to May. But how money is earned from it:

The BCCI earns money from the IPL through a variety of means, including the sale of broadcasting rights (for television and OTT separately), sponsorships, advertisements, and match tickets (although revenue from this is very low as compared to others). In general,  the BCCI earns approximately 900 crores per year solely from sponsorship. Apart form this individual IPL teams make their money by having team sponsors, jersey sponsors,endorsements, selling merchandise, and so on. We can also judge the team's status by its brand value, currently Mumbai Indians has the highest brand value at about 9962 crores rupees. 

Today, Indian Premier League is a festival for all the cricket lovers, and also it is India's pride of having the most successful cricket league in the whole world. 

My favourite is Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) tell me your favourite team in the comment box. 

Thank You,

Sarthak P. Khode 😊

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The Space Shuttle

 The Vehicle that revolutionized Space Travel

The Space Shuttle was an exceptional achievement for mankind that revolutionized space travel. It was a spacecraft designed to transport astronauts, equipment, and parts of the International Space Station. It was designed and operated by the American space agency National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Space Shuttle was one of two spacecraft to carry astronauts into space and take them back; the other was the Russian Soyuz spacecraft.

The Space Shuttle retired in July 2011 after thirty years of service; during its service time, it carried 355 astronauts and completed 133 missions.

To be clear, the term "space shuttle" refers to the entire structure, which consisted of two solid rocket boosters, a massive orange external fuel tank for the main engines, and a space shuttle orbiter that carried crew.

A year after the first manned moon landing, in 1969, work on the shuttle's architecture began. The construction of the space shuttle started in 1974, and the first test orbiter, the "Enterprise," which was used for training and test flights, rolled out in 1977. The Columbia, the first fully operational orbiter, was finished in 1979 and delivered to the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Four more shuttle orbiters were delivered over the course of the next twelve years: Discovery, Atlantis, Endeavour, and Challenger.

All of the shuttle missions were launched from launch pads 39A and 39B at KSC, Florida. During the launch many things happen simultaneously. Before ten seconds to takeoff there was a hydrogen buroff test to ensure that no hydrogen is leaking, Now the two solid rocket boosters (SRBs) power up, and after two minutes they detach from the main body. After detachment, they splash down into the ocean, where they are recovered for future missions. At this time, the shuttle uses the fuel from the large external tank continuously for eight minutes; after this, the external tank also detaches and burns up in the atmosphere due to high resistance. Now the shuttle orbiter is controlled by the two OMS motors (each with separate fuel tanks) to give it the last push into the orbit. When the mission is completed the orbiter re-enters into the earth's atmosphere with tremendous amount of heat generated due to resistance, to avoid any burn-up the orbiter's base is shielded by numerous silica tiles, when the shuttle is near the runway the landing gears are opened and the mission is finished successfully.

During the span of thirty years 135 missions were flown, but two of them (Challenger and Columbia) suffered accident resulting in death of all crew members.

Currently, the only spacecraft capable of transporting astronauts to and from space is the Russian Soyuz. In addition, the new space giant SpaceX is developing its Crew Dragon spacecraft to reduce NASA's reliance on Roscosmos for astronaut transportation.

Last but not the least, the Space Shuttle is considered one of most complicated vehicle with over 2.5 million moving parts.

Thank You,

Sarthak P. Khode 😊

   

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 महाराणा प्रताप 

पराक्रम, शौर्य, वीरता, साहस यह सभी शब्द मेवाड़ के महाराणा प्रताप पर बिलकुल सटीक बैठते है | भारत के वीर योद्धा महाराणा प्रताप, जिन्होंने अपनी देशभक्ति के जज़्बे और फौलादी इरादों से मुग़लों का सामना किया | उन्होंने खुद राज-सुख त्याग दिया और जंगलों में भील एवं आदिवासी कबीलों के साथ रहने लगे और उनकी जीवन शैली का अनुसरण करने लगे ताकि वे उन्हें भरोसा दिला सके की वे हमेशा उनके साथ है | उन्होंने अपना पूरा जीवन मेवाड़ की रक्षा करने में बिताया | सन् 1597 में उनका देहवासन हुआ | आज भी राजस्थान के कई गावों में उन्हें भगवान की तरह पूजा जाता है |

परन्तु आजकल हमारी स्कूल की पुस्तकों में उनका कहीं भी वर्णन नहीं है, बल्कि विदेशी आक्रान्ताओं और उनके द्वारा किये गए हमलों का उल्लेख है | हमें हमारी आने वाली पीढ़ी को इन महान व्यक्तित्वों के बारे में बताना ही होगा ताकि वे इन्हें और इनके बलिदानों को याद रखे | 

प्रस्तुत है महाराणा प्रताप के बारे में मेरे द्वारा स्वलिखित कविता |

                                                                                                            

                                                                 मेवाड़ के महाराणा 

 सन् १५४० में एक ऐसा योद्धा जन्मा,

जिसके नाम से डरते बड़े बड़े सुरमा,

बचपन से था जिसने बस एक सपना संजोया,

मेवाड़ के जन-जन में आज़ादी का बीज बोया |

उसे मुग़लों को हराना था,

सदा मेवाड़ पर विजयी पताका फहराना था |

शुरू हुआ युद्ध हल्दीघाटी का

खड़े योद्धा मैदान में बचाव करने अपनी माटी का |

बहलोल खान ने आतंक मचाया,

महाराणा ने उसे घोड़े सहित दो टुकडो में मार गिराया |

चेतक ने भी सदा साथ निभाया,

महाराणा को २२ फीट लम्बा नाला पार कराया |

कईं योद्धाओं ने दिया अपने प्राणों का बलिदान,

बचाने के लिए मेवाड़ की आन बान और शान |

धन्यवाद्,

सार्थक खोडे 🙏

The Rise of Amul

 AMUL: The Taste of India

AMUL, Anand Milk Union Limited, is a cooperative society that played a stellar role in making India the largest milk producer in the world, with 23 percent of total milk production in the world by producing over 186 metric tonnes of milk per year. To give an example, it is still more than the combined production of twenty-seven European Union countries.

During the 1950s, the milk producers were not getting paid enough to sustain their families. At that time, India was a milk deficit country, and shockingly, the consumption of milk per capita was only a meagre 124 grammes per day. The registration of Amul occurred in 1946, providing relief to many milk producers in the area because they have to collect milk and send it to the processing plant where they are well paid. After the milk is procured, it is transferred for pasteurization, where it is heated at 72°C for 20-25 seconds during this process all the harmful bacteria in milk are killed, and then it cools down, then the milk gets stored in silos for packaging, at last the milk is transported to nearby areas. This is how the milk reaches us.

This revolutionary achievement would not have been possible without the Amul Trinity—Dr. Verghese Kurien, Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel, and Harichand Megha Dalaya. From the initial years under the leadership of Dr. Kurien Amul gave us glimpses of what it is today by demolishing the monopoly of  Polson Butter by making butter from fresh cream. 

Apart from milk, there are many different dairy products offered by Amul, some of which are milk ice cream, whipped cream, cheese, butter, etc. Amul has emerged as an important symbol of the country's development in recent years. Also, till now, Amul claims itself to be a cooperative society and hasn't been listed on the stock market. A society that single-handedly ran milk production in the country till the 1970s, when they were joined by Mother Dairy, the Karnataka Milk Federation, etc.

One of the most recognisable figures is the Amul Girl, with her polka-dot frock and half-tied pony. It was created by Eustace Fernandes, the art director of DaCunha Communications in 1966, the catchy phrase 'utterly butterly' was penned by Sylvester da Cunha's wife Nisha Da Cunha. It is also regarded as the most loved ad figure. Sylvester Da Cunha (founder of DaCunha Communications) was given the responsibility of all these ad campaigns for Amul.

Today, Amul has operations in more than forty countries and has an annual turnover of about 52 thousand crores rupees.

STAGES OF MILK PRODUCTION 

2. Pasteurization 

1. Milk Procurement

3. Storage

4. Packaging

5. Transportation 

Thank You,

Sarthak P. Khode 😊

If you like my blog, please follow, like, and share. This time I experimented with a new topic, so please kindly give me suggestions about it and comment on what you want me to write in my next blog.

HOCKEY WORLD CUP

2023 Hockey World Cup: A tournament between the world's best hockey teams to clinch the world title. For the second time in a row, the tournament was held on Indian soil. It was a proud moment for India to host this prestigious tournament one more time.

 

A tournament with dreams, hopes, and heartbreaking moments The number of teams has been increased from twelve to sixteen in this edition to provide more opportunities for teams and to raise competency levels. The 44 matches were hosted at two stadiums: 20 matches in the newly built Birsa Munda Stadium, Rourkela, and 24 matches (including Final) at Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneshwar. The opening ceremony of the World Cup was hosted at Barabati Stadium in Cuttack with spectacular fireworks and Bollywood actors. A musical performance was given by K-pop band Blackswan and Odia artist Shreya Lenka.

 

When it comes to the Indian team, because of the home crowd advantage, this was a good opportunity for the Indian team to win the World Cup. After 48 years, the team was also desperate to add another World Cup trophy to their collection. This time, the Indian Team was led by Harmanpreet Singh and included many young talents such as Shamsher Singh, Hardik Singh, and Jarmanpreet Singh, as well as an experienced side such as Vice Captain Amit Rohidas, goalkeeper PR Sreejesh, and defender Manpreet Singh, among others.

 

The Indian team began their campaign against Spain, winning 2-0 thanks to goals from Amit Rohidas and Hardik Singh. The second match was an exhausted draw against England. The last nail-biting group stage match was against Wales, which India won 4-2 with goals from the Singh Trio (Harmanpreet, Akashdeep, and Shamsher).

Now the Indian team faced New Zealand in the crossover game due to a smaller goal difference with England in the group stage. The Kalinga Stadium is now set for the clash. The Indian team started with aggressive intent and scored back-to-back two goals, but New Zealand also came back with two goals, and before the full-time whistle, the scores were 3-3. The match went into a penalty shootout, which unfortunately New Zealand won 5-4. The Men in Blue had to wait another four years (after 1975) to reclaim their title in the Netherlands in 2026.

Now the Indian team had to focus on their next campaigns, including the FIH Pro Hockey League, the Asian Games 2022 (which will commence on September 23, 2023), the Paris Olympics 2024, etc. Coach Graham Reed's team had to make improvements in their defensive lineup and drag flickers to compete against European and Polynesian teams with a power-hitting style of play.

Thank You, 

Sarthak P. Khode 😊

If you like my Blogs please follow and share. 

आत्मनिर्भर भारत

खादी और हथकरघा की उपयोगिता

आत्मनिर्भर- एक ऐसा शब्द जो हर देश अपने आगे लगाना चाहता, और आज के इस युग में आत्मनिर्भरता ही एक देश की असल ताकत है | भारत में भी हमे इसका असर देखने को मिलता है जैसे:- पहली पूर्ण स्वदेशी सुपरफास्ट ट्रेन 'वन्दे भारत', भारतीय सॅटॅलाइट लांच व्हीकल (SLV) से चंद्रयान मिशन, मंगलयान का सफल प्रक्षेपण आदि |

परन्तु इन सब के अलावा हमारे खादी और हथकरघा उद्योग का भी भारत की आत्मनिर्भरता में अहम योगदान है | दो ऐसे उद्योग जिन्होंने भारत को विश्व पटल पर अपनी धाक ज़माने में मदद की |दोनों ही उद्योग भारत में लम्बे समय से चले आ रहे है, समय के साथ-साथ इनमे बदलाव आया, पर ना तो इनकी महत्ता और न ही उपयोगिता कम हुई |

खादी उद्योग को तो स्वयं महात्मा गाँधी का समर्थन मिला, उन्होंने सिंथेटिक अंग्रेजी वस्त्रों का परित्याग कर खादी से निर्मित वस्त्र अपनाने का सन्देश दिया ताकि भारत आत्मनिर्भर बन सके और रोज़गार के नए अवसर प्रदान किए जा सके | इन्ही सब प्रयासों के फलस्वरूप आज भारत विश्व का सबसे बड़ा खादी उत्पादक देश है | खादी की उपयोगिता इस कदर है की विदेशों में भी खादी से निर्मित वस्तुएं एवं वस्त्र उच्च दामों में बिक रहें है |

भारत के हथकरघा उद्योग भी कई कीर्तिमान स्थापित कर चुके है जैसे दुनिया का ९५ प्रतिशत हथकरघा कपड़ा भारतीय बाज़ार से आता है, भारत 125 देशों को हथकरघा कपड़ा निर्यात करता है | इन्ही कारकों की वजह से आज भारत दुनिया का दूसरा सबसे बड़ा हथकरघा कपड़ों का निर्यातक देश है | एक ऐसा उद्योग जिसने तीस लाख से ज्यादा लोगों को रोज़गार दिया, और स्वयं भारत सरकार भी इस उद्योग इस उद्योग की उपयोगिता समझ चुकी है और इसलिए कई करघों में सरकार द्वारा आधुनिक उपकरण तथा सुरक्षित वातावरण प्रदान किया गया है | सरकार ने हथकरघा उद्योग से जुड़ने के लिए कई योजनाए भी संचालित की है ताकि रोज़गार के और अवसर सृजित किये जा सके |

हालाँकि, इन दोनों ही उद्योगों को भारत में औद्योगिकीकरण के चलते चोट सहनी पड़ी और इनकी गति मंद पड़ने लगी एवं कारखाने बंद होने लगे | परन्तु 'मेक इन इंडिया' अभियान के चलते इन उद्योगों को पुनर्जीवित होने का अवसर मिला, और इन्होने अपनी महत्ता सिद्ध की | आज हाल यह है की खादी उद्योग ने वित्त-वर्ष 2021-22में एक लाख पंद्रह हज़ार करोड़ का कारोबार किया तथा हथकरघा उद्योग ने भी आठ हज़ार करोड़ रूपये का कारोबार किया | इन अंकों को देखकर हम निश्चित तौर पर यह तो कह सकते है की विश्व के वस्त्र उद्योग में भारत का बहुत बड़ा हाथ है |  

जय हिन्द ! 

धन्यवाद,

सार्थक खोडे़ 

INDIA-PAKISTAN RIVALRY

The world's most watched rivalry is between two neighbouring nations that once shared the same border, culture, tradition, land, and even people. But now both are on different paths and oppose each other at every turn of the globe.

India-Pakistan's cricket match, a treat for the entire world, is a match full of emotions, excitement, thrills, and nail-biting moments. Apart from this, the India-Pak match also plays an important role in commerciality. Even the International Cricket Council knows it because of the 2022 ICC T-20 World Cup, which was held in Australia. The Melbourne Cricket Ground, the largest cricket ground in Australia and the second largest in the world, was reserved for the India-Pakistan match. Even the home team, Australia, had to play their group stage match with New Zealand at the Sydney Cricket Ground. This match also accounts for one-third of global tournament viewership. 

The fact that India and Pakistan haven't played a bilateral series in over a decade is one of the main reasons for this popularity, because of safety restrictions. So audiences get only one to two matches per year. But we can't deny the fact that the whole world eagerly waits for their archrivals to play. 

Let me give you an example, so you can get a clear idea of this match's popularity: let's take the 2019 ODI World Cup.

• Match 1: The Final at Lord's was played between England and New Zealand, which tied; the Super Over was also tied; the winner was decided on a boundary count. This seems to be more exciting as the winner is not decided until the last ball.
• Match 2: The Group Stage match between India and Pakistan, which India won by the DLS method by 89 runs, was one-sided.

But the viewership for match two was 20 percent higher as compared to the final.

Thank You,

Sarthak P. Khode 😊

If you like my Blogs please follow and share.